Excel for
Karnataka High Court has given a detailed judgment on the scope of the provisions of section 271 of the Income Tax Act, 1961. One of the issue before the Court was related to deeming provisions u/s 271((1B) regarding recording of the satisfaction of the Assessing Officer before imposition of the penalty u/s 271(1)(c) for concealment of income or furnishing inaccurate particulars of income.
Case Details:
Court’s Observations:
DEEMING PROVISION “271(1)(B) Where any amount is added or disallowed in computing the total income or loss of an assessee in any order of assessment or reassessment and the said order contains a direction for initiation of penalty proceedings under clause (c) of sub-Section (1), such an order of assessment or reassessment shall be deemed to constitute satisfaction of the Assessing Officer for initiation of the penalty proceedings under the said clause (c).” 49. By the aforesaid deeming provision a legal fiction is created. When the assessment order contains a direction for initiation of penalty proceedings such order shall deem to constitute satisfaction of the Assessing Officer for initiation of penalty proceedings under sub-clause (c) of Section 271 of the Act. As the language of Section 271 makes it clear before a direction is issued to pay penalty, the person issuing the direction must be satisfied about the condition mentioned in clause (c) of Section 271(1). The question is, whether such satisfaction should be in writing. As the satisfaction has to be in the course of any proceedings and it is at the time of computation of the total income of any person and as it results in an assessment order which has to be mandatorily in writing, the satisfaction should be found in the said order.The existence of these facts is a condition precedent for initiation of penalty proceedings under Section 271. This provision is attracted once in any such assessment orders, a direction for initiation of penalty proceedings under clause (c) of sub-section (1) is made. Thereby, it means even if the order does not contain a specific finding that the assessee has concealed income or he is deemed to have concealed income because of the existence of facts which are set out in Explanation 1, if a mere direction to initiate penalty proceedings under clause (c) of sub-section (1) is found in the said order, by legal fiction, it shall be deemed to constitute satisfaction of the Assessing Officer for initiation of penalty proceedings under said clause (c). The said provision came up for interpretation by the Delhi High Court in the case of MADHUSHREE GUPTA reported in 317 ITR 107, wherein the Delhi High Court held that the satisfaction should be discernable in the assessment order. Position post amendment is not in much variance with pre amendment. They held that provisions will fall foul of Article 14 of the Constitution if the same is not read in the manner it has read and in fact has read down the provisions to hold it Constitutional. Therefore according to Delhi High Court, in post amendment and pre amendment there is not much difference and the satisfaction is required to arrived in the course of assessment proceedings and should be discernable in the assessment order. Therefore, this provision makes it abundantly clear that satisfaction of the Assessing Officer before initiation of penalty proceedings is a must. The satisfaction should be that he has concealed particulars of his income or furnished inaccurate particular of such income and even in the absence of those expressed words or findings recorded in the Assessment proceedings, if a direction as aforesaid is mentioned, it constitutes satisfaction of the Assessing Officer.
DIRECTION Use of the phrases like (a) penalty proceedings are being initiated separately and (b) penalty proceedings under Section 271(1)(c) are initiated separately, do not comply with the meaning of the word direction as contemplated even in the amended provisions of law. The direction should be clear and without any ambiguity. The word ‘direction’ has been interpreted by the decision of the Apex Court in the case of RAJENDRANATH reported in 120 ITR pg.14, where it has been held that in any event whatever else it may amount to, on its very terms the observation that the ITO is free to take action, to assess the excess in the hand of the coowners cannot be described as a direction. A direction by a statutory authority is in the nature of an order requiring positive compliance. When it is left to the option and discretion of the ITO whether or not take action, it cannot be described as a direction. 51. Therefore, it is settled law that in the absence of the existence of these conditions in the assessment order penalty proceedings could not be proceeded with. The proceedings which are initiated contrary to the said legal position are liable to be set aside.
WHEN DEEMING PROVISION NOT APPLICABLE 53. From these discussion, it is clear that condition precedent for initiation of penalty proceedings under Section 271(1)(c) is existence of condition referred to in the said section. The person initiating penalty proceedings should be satisfied about the existence of said conditions which should be reflected in the assessment orders passed by them. In a given case, after appreciating the entire records, the Officer passing the order may categorically state that he is satisfied that the assessee has concealed income. Once such a finding is recorded that is sufficient to initiate penalty proceedings. Assuming such a categorical finding is not recorded in the order, at least, he has to record facts as contemplated in Explanation-1. If these facts are discernible from the assessment order, the deeming clause in Explanation 1 is attracted and the income is deemed to have been concealed. That gives the jurisdiction to the Officer passing the order to initiate the penalty proceedings. If the Officer passing the assessment order is the Assessment Officer, in the said order, the aforesaid facts are not discernible, at least he must direct initiation of proceedings under Section 271(1)(c). Then Section (1)(B) is attracted and these conditions deemed to exist which confers jurisdiction on him to initiate penalty proceedings. Section (1)(B) has no application to an order passed by Commissioner of Appeals or Commissioner. Download Full Judgment Click Here >>
|